Everything about Donald Ii Of Scotland totally explained
Domnall mac Causantín (
Modern Gaelic:
Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim),, anglicised as
Donald II (d.900) was
King of the Picts or
King of Scotland (
Alba) in the late 9th century. He was the son of
Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda). Donald is given the
epithet Dásachtach, "the Madman", by the
Prophecy of Berchán.
Life
Donald became king on the death or deposition of
Giric (Giric mac Dúngail), the date of which isn't certainly known but usually placed in 889. The
Chronicle of the Kings of Alba reports:
It has been suggested that the attack on Dunnottar, rather than being a small raid by a handful of pirates, may be associated with the ravaging of Scotland attributed to
Harald Fairhair in the
Heimskringla. The Prophecy of Berchán places Donald's death at Dunnottar, but appears to attribute it to Gaels rather than Norsemen; other sources report he died at
Forres. Donald's death is dated to 900 by the
Annals of Ulster and the
Chronicon Scotorum, where he's called
king of Alba, rather that
king of the Picts. He was buried on
Iona.
The change from
king of the Picts to
king of Alba is seen as indicating a step towards the kingdom of the Scots, but historians, while divided as to when this change should be placed, don't generally attribute it to Donald in view of his epithet. The consensus view is that the key changes occurred in the reign of
Constantine II (Causantín mac Áeda), but the reign of Giric has also been proposed.
The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba has Donald succeeded by his cousin Constantine II. Donald's son
Malcolm (Máel Coluim mac Domnall) was later king as Malcolm I. The Prophecy of Berchán appears to suggest that another king reigned for a short while between Donald II and Constantine II, saying "half a day will he take sovereignty". Possible confirmation of this exists in the Chronicon Scotorum, where the death of "Ead, king of the Picts" in battle against the
Uí Ímair is reported in 904. This, however, is thought to be an error, referring perhaps to
Ædwulf , the ruler of
Bernicia, whose death is reported in 913 by the other
Irish annals.
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